You might get tired of the answer, but.... Yes there are job/gear guides out there. There are many online sources for that and all other information for the game. This game is so large that I haven't found 1 all encompassing website to cover it all. Also, most of the sites get their info from players and player experimentation, and so should be taken with a grain of salt. Having said that, one of the best sites that I use for information is the FFXIclopedia. It's a wiki site.
You'll also find that you won't have to upgrade gear as much as a mage, but you will need to have all your spells. Gear upgrades are more important for melee jobs, so it kinda comes out the same in the end. Some of the best low level gear available cannot be gotten unless you have a higher level job, so basic equipment is all you really need until you get into Artifact range. You can get the +1 stuff, but the cost is usually not worth the extra bonus. Sry I'm not more specific, but there is just so much information available that you really need to look for yourself. Also, there really isn't a "cookie cutter" template you want to follow, you will find that different gear fits different play patterns. Experiment and see what works best for you.