I've recently returned to uo so I'm relatively clueless as to what's currently going on but since you havent recieved any responses yet here's my half a euro;
The item naming system is somewhat redundant. It's labelled as an artifact but it's not "really" an artifact. It's just a designation ment to give you an idea of the number and power of modifiers on the item. You can roughly sort out alot of garbage from a loot container by just looking at the title (mind you, some clean items still have potensial value as an imbuing focus depending on the actual mods).
Other items, more traditionally labelled as artifacts mainly spawn in your backpack from killing certain end-game monsters (or events). These days there are so many powerful crafted items that most of the traditional artifacts have pretty much lost their value. There are still a few of the older artifacts that are still highly usefull, but most of them are outdated and outdone by the new loot & crafteables.
The best way for you to get familiar with them is to look at what other people are wearing, assume their template and google the artifact. You will find large libraries describing every item and it's spawn location easily. Getting them, however, usually require a very good starting point by having completed your template (and prefereably one that's verified to work well for that particular type of hunt) and build a suit that will let you farm said monster/event.